The History of Sustainable Construction Materials in the Philippines
This article explores the journey of sustainability in Philippine construction materials, from ancient binding agents to modern innovations, and discusses the future of sustainable construction.
PHOTO: Brian Kairuz on Unsplash
Introduction to Sustainable Construction in the Philippines
The worldwide push for environmentally friendly construction has gained substantial traction in recent years, driven by the critical need to battle climate change and promote sustainable development. As an archipelago prone to natural calamities such as earthquakes and typhoons and experiencing increasing urbanization, the Philippines has acknowledged the necessity of sustainable development in building robust and ecologically friendly infrastructure.
Traditional construction methods in the Philippines have historically depended extensively on natural resources such as bamboo, coconuts, and shells. As urbanization accelerated, these practices shifted towards more modern techniques and materials.
However, the need for sustainable construction materials remains critical in the face of climate change and limited resources. Thus, understanding the historical context of traditional construction methods and embracing modern-day challenges is crucial in creating a sustainable future.
Egg Whites: The Ancient Binding Agent
One remarkable yet lesser-known ancient practice in the Philippines involved using egg whites as a binding agent in construction. Historically, egg whites were mixed with quicklime and sand to create a durable and lasting material. The advantages of utilizing egg whites as a binding agent are numerous.
Egg whites are inexpensive, widely available, renewable, biodegradable, and have a low environmental impact. They may be sourced locally, minimizing the carbon footprint associated with transportation. They possess natural adhesive and binding properties, making them a sustainable alternative to synthetic and chemical-based adhesives.
While the use of egg whites in modern construction is uncommon, several experimental research has been conducted to investigate the impact of natural admixtures, including egg whites, on traditional concrete and lime-based mortar. These investigations discovered that adding egg whites to lime-based mortar can increase its compressive and flexural strength, making it more appropriate for specific applications.
Bricks: The Timeless Building Blocks
Bricks have always been used in construction; the Philippines is no exception. The craft of brick-making grew prominent throughout the Spanish colonial era, creating a lasting architectural legacy. Moreover, bricks offer several sustainability benefits, making them an ideal choice for green construction.
Bricks are made from natural materials such as clay, sand, and water, making them inherently eco-friendly. They can be produced locally, reducing transportation emissions. Moreover, bricks have excellent thermal insulation properties, contributing to energy efficiency in buildings.
Their durability also ensures a longer lifespan, reducing the need for frequent reconstruction. They do not emit harmful substances and have a lower carbon footprint than other construction materials.
In recent years, brick-making in the Philippines has witnessed innovative advancements. Some manufacturers incorporate recycled materials like crushed glass and rubber into their brick production. Adopting energy-efficient kilns has also minimized the carbon emissions associated with brick-making.
These innovations are environmentally friendly and contribute to the circular economy by repurposing waste materials. Bricks continue to be a sustainable choice for construction projects in the Philippines.
Narra Trees: The National Pride
Narra trees hold significant cultural and construction importance in the Philippines. Historically, Narra wood was highly prized for its strength, beauty, and resistance to decay, making it a popular choice for construction. However, unsustainable harvesting practices led to a decline in the Narra tree population and the need for sustainable alternatives.
To address this challenge, sustainable harvesting practices have been introduced to protect the remaining Narra trees. These practices include select cutting, tree planting programs, and forest management initiatives. Strict regulations are in place to ensure the responsible use of Narra wood, preserving its cultural significance while safeguarding its future.
Recognizing the need to reduce dependence on Narra wood, sustainable alternatives have emerged in the Philippines. Engineered wood products from locally sourced bamboo, rattan, and other fast-growing trees have been popular.
These alternatives offer comparable strength and aesthetic qualities while promoting sustainable forestry practices. The rise of sustainable wood alternatives aims to strike a balance between conserving the country's biodiversity and meeting the demands of the construction industry.
The Future of Sustainable Construction in the Philippines
The Philippines actively embraces innovative materials and construction practices as the world moves towards a more sustainable future. Emerging materials such as bamboo and coconut coir are gaining traction as sustainable alternatives. Known for its strength, flexibility, and rapid growth, bamboo offers a sustainable alternative to traditional lumber.
Research and development efforts focus on creating high-strength and durable materials from these resources. Furthermore, researchers are investigating the use of volcanic ash, recycled plastics, and agri-waste as construction materials to combine resource efficiency with waste reduction.
The Philippine government has acknowledged the importance of sustainable building and has enacted rules and regulations encouraging the use of environmentally friendly materials. The Philippine Green Building Code establishes the framework for sustainable construction practices by promoting sustainable materials, green building methods, and energy efficiency by adopting net-zero and sustainable lifestyles.
In the global context, the efforts in the Philippines align with the worldwide push for sustainable construction. Sustainable architecture and net-zero lifestyles are gaining momentum as individuals and communities recognize the urgent need to minimize their environmental impact. These efforts are aligned with global trends and commitments made under international agreements such as the Paris Agreement.
Join the Journey Towards Sustainable Construction in the Philippines!
A journey through sustainable construction materials in the Philippines reveals a rich history, innovative practices, and a promising future. From ancient techniques utilizing egg whites as a binding agent to modern advancements in brick-making and Narra wood alternatives, the country is making significant strides towards a sustainable built environment.
For individuals interested in living sustainable lives, it is essential to support initiatives that promote sustainable construction materials. By embracing sustainable construction practices and materials, individuals can contribute to a net-zero lifestyle and a more sustainable future. Choosing sustainable construction materials reduces environmental impact and promotes the preservation of natural resources and cultural heritage.
For further information on how BillionBricks can benefit your community, get in touch with us at https://billionbricks.org/contact-us-ph.
Resources:
Bryle B. Suralta. Yes, These Churches in the Philippines Were Built With Eggs. Retrieved from: https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/churches-philippines-built-with-eggs-a2765-20220614-lfrm
T.S. Ramesh Babu, D. Neeraja. A experimental study of natural admixture effect on conventional concrete and high volume class F fly ash blended concrete. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509516300626#:~:text=Oral%20traditional%20sources%20tell%20us,produce%20paint%20binder%20%5B1%5D.
Froilan Gallardo. Spanish-era brick-making kiln found in MisOr town. Retrieved from: https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2014/05/spanish-era-brick-making-kiln-found-in-misor-town/
Katrina Hallare. MMDA launches first granulator, brick-making facility to reduce metro waste. Retrieved from: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1408709/mmda-launches-first-granulator-brick-making-facility-to-reduce-waste#ixzz8E7dMUizR
Lauro Braganza. Narra Tree: All You Need to Know. Retrieved from: https://agraryo.com/forestry/narra-tree/
DENR Administrative Order 2007-01. Retrieved from: http://www.philchm.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/dao-2007-01.pdf
Maraveas C. Production of Sustainable Construction Materials Using Agro-Wastes. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014416/
Philippine Green Building Code. Retrieved from: https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/DPWH/sites/default/files/laws_codes_orders/PgbcBooklet23March.pdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement
